Each April, STD/STI (sexually transmitted disease/sexually transmitted infection) Awareness Month is observed to raise awareness and offer the opportunity to talk about prevention, testing and treatment of STDs and STIs, while reducing the stigma and fear surrounding the subject. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, most providers prefer using the term STI. An STI is a virus, bacteria, fungus or parasite that can transfer during sexual contact. Ways to prevent infections include abstinence, vaccination for hepatitis B and HPV (human papillomavirus), limiting sexual partners, practicing monogamy and consistent condom use.
Sexually transmitted infections and diseases are very common. Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that roughly 50 percent of Americans will have one STI or more throughout their life. Millions of new infections occur every year in the United States and there are more than 35 different infectious organisms that can be transmitted sexually, directly impacting reproductive and sexual health. However, if you receive a positive diagnosis, know that all are treatable with medicine, and some are curable. It's important to note that many STIs may not exhibit symptoms, so regular testing, usually annually, for sexually active individuals is important.
While anyone who is sexually active is at risk of contracting an STI, some demographics are more affected: young people ages 15-24, gay and bisexual men, pregnant people, and certain racial and ethnic minority groups. Left untreated, STIs can increase the risk of contracting or transmitting HIV, lead to chronic pelvic or abdominal pain, infertility, or pregnancy complications. “Since the early 2000s, syphilis has been increasing in incidence, and there has been a more than 200 percent increase in congenital syphilis cases in the state of Tennessee. In cases of congenital syphilis, there are increased rates of stillbirth and death within the first few years of life. We now screen pregnant patients at their initial prenatal visit, in the third trimester and again at delivery,” explained Dr. Kimberly Ballard, obstetrician/gynecologist on the active medical staff at Blount Memorial Hospital.
Prompt testing and treatment are crucial in managing STIs. If diagnosed, both partners must receive simultaneous treatment to prevent reinfection. Treatment plans vary based on test results, with health care providers typically prescribing medication. While some STIs cannot be cured, medications can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, retesting within a certain time period may be recommended. “Other sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, can result in scarring in the fallopian tubes, and, as a result, lead to infertility later in life. The current recommendations for screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea are yearly in patients who are sexually active or more frequently if they have multiple partners,” Ballard said.
While many people may feel embarrassed to talk with their doctor about symptoms or sexual activity, when it comes to STIs, having that discussion and getting treated right away can help prevent health complications. Click here to find health care provider.
