Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders, yet it often is mistaken for other neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Affecting an estimated 7 to 10 million Americans, essential tremor causes involuntary rhythmic shaking, most often in the hands, head, voice, legs or trunk. While not life-threatening, the condition can significantly impact daily activities, making tasks like writing, eating, typing or getting dressed difficult.
The cause of essential tremor is not fully understood, but research suggests it may result from changes in specific areas of the brain. Genetics also play a role, as approximately half of all cases are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that if one parent carries the gene, their child has a 5 percent chance of developing the condition. “Essential tremor can begin at almost any age, but it most commonly appears during adolescence or middle age,” explained Dr. Lalitha Battineni, a neurologist with East Tennessee Medical Group. “While the symptoms can worsen over time, many treatment options are available to help manage tremors and improve quality of life.”
Diagnosing essential tremor involves a detailed medical history and neurological examination. There is no single test to confirm the condition, but health care providers can rule out other causes of tremors through blood tests and imaging studies. Once diagnosed, treatment is focused on symptom management. While there is no cure, several options can help reduce the severity of tremors.
Medications such as beta-blockers and anti-seizure drugs often are prescribed to control symptoms. Assistive devices, including weighted utensils, tremor-canceling devices and wrist weights can help make daily tasks easier. In some cases, botulinum toxin injections may be recommended to temporarily weaken the tremoring muscles, reducing shaking. For patients with severe tremors that do not respond to other treatments, advanced procedures such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and focused ultrasound may offer relief.
“Deep brain stimulation is a surgical procedure where a device is implanted to send electrical impulses to the brain, helping to interrupt the signals that cause tremors,” Battineni said. “Another option, focused ultrasound, is a non-invasive procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to target and destroy specific brain tissue responsible for tremors. Both treatments can significantly reduce tremor severity and improve a patient’s ability to perform daily activities.”
The side effects of treatment vary depending on the approach used. Medications may cause dizziness, fatigue or nausea, while advanced procedures like DBS require surgery and carry associated risks. However, for many individuals with essential tremor, the benefits of treatment outweigh the potential complications, leading to improved hand steadiness, better motor function and enhanced overall quality of life.
Although essential tremor cannot always be prevented or cured, early diagnosis and the right treatment approach can make a meaningful difference. For individuals struggling with tremors that interfere with daily living, consulting a neurologist is the first step in finding an effective management plan.
For more information or to schedule an appointment with East Tennessee Medical Group, call 865-984-3864.
