Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern, yet many people are unaware they have it. According to Dr. Mohammad Shafi, nephrologist with Blount Memorial Physicians Group – Nephrology, more than 37 million Americans have kidney disease, but the majority are undiagnosed. “Many people don’t realize that kidney disease often develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages,” Shafi explained. “By the time symptoms appear, significant kidney damage may have already occurred.”
The kidneys perform several essential functions, including filtering waste from the blood, balancing electrolytes, regulating blood pressure and producing hormones that support red blood cell production. When kidney function declines, these processes become impaired, leading to serious health complications. CKD can progress through five stages, with stage one being mild and stage five requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant. Understanding the risk factors and taking proactive steps can help slow the progression of the disease.
One of the biggest concerns with CKD is its connection to other chronic conditions. “The two leading causes of kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure,” Shafi said. “These conditions damage the blood vessels in the kidneys over time, reducing their ability to function properly.” Other risk factors include genetic conditions such as polycystic kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, chronic use of certain medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and heart disease. Individuals with a family history of kidney disease should speak with their health care provider about early screening.
Regular screenings and blood tests can detect kidney disease in its early stages. Patients should ask their primary care provider to check their glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a key indicator of kidney function, and test for protein levels in the urine. “It’s important to be proactive in asking your provider about kidney health, especially if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease or a family history of kidney disease,” Shafi noted. “Early detection allows for timely interventions that can slow disease progression.”
Though CKD is a serious condition, lifestyle changes and medical management can help protect kidney function. Patients should work with their health care providers to control underlying conditions like diabetes and hypertension. A kidney-friendly diet also is important, focusing on reducing sodium intake, consuming lean proteins and avoiding processed and high-phosphorus foods. “We encourage patients to prioritize fresh fruits and vegetables over processed foods and limit carbonated beverages, which contain high levels of phosphorus,” Shafi advised. Staying hydrated, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can further support kidney health.
For individuals diagnosed with CKD, ongoing monitoring and specialist care are essential. Nephrologists can provide tailored treatment plans, including medication adjustments to protect kidney function. Some medications, including certain blood pressure and diabetes drugs, may need dose modifications for patients with reduced kidney function. “Patients should always consult their provider before starting new medications, including over-the-counter pain relievers and herbal supplements, as some can be harmful to the kidneys,” Shafi emphasized.
Since kidney disease can be silent in its early stages, awareness and preventive care are key. Community health screenings, such as those offered by national kidney organizations, provide an opportunity for early detection. Individuals at higher risk should take advantage of these programs and work closely with their health care providers to safeguard their kidney health. For more information or to schedule an appointment with Blount Memorial Physicians Group – Nephrology, call 865-238-6580.
